Page 9 - 몽골 어류도감 편집본

Freshwater Organisms in Pixels Fish of the Amur River Introduction

Tseveenmyadag et al., 2007). (Otis tarda), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe from Russia, Hungary etc. However, it should resources of the USSR. Hydrology 1966),
Currently, a total of 141 species of oenanthe), and Horned Lark (Eremophila note that most groups of insects have not been and 1.93 million in many international sources
mammals are recorded in Mongolia from 73 alpestris). Birds adapted to desert and semi- studied sufficiently, and the great proportion (IUCN/WRI World Watersheds eAtlas 2005).
genera and 23 families, and 8 orders, which desert habitats include Pallas’s Sandgrouse. of non-described species is due to their small Researchers consider Kherlen, Khalkh and Ulz
includes 13 species of insectivores; 12 species Mongolian herpetological fauna seems size, cryptic life form and also to the difficulty rivers, and some other closed basins to be
of chiropterans; 6 species of lagomorphs; 69 to be poorer than the vast territory of the of identifying them. Mongolia is a rather large important intrinsic components of the Amur
species of rodents; 24 species of carnivores; country, but their species are relatively well country incorporating various geographical basin ecosystem. The Amur river basin also
2 species of perissodactyls; 1 species of studied. They are divided into two classes, regions and vegetation zonation, consequently includes around 100 km2 of mountainous lands
tylopoda; and 11 species of artiodactyls. three orders, 10 families, and 18 genera it would be expected that a large number of within the territory of North Korea (Ermoshin
Detailed research on the diversity of Mongolian consisting of 6 amphibian and 21 reptile additional species and new records are to be et al. 2013).
mammals has not been completed; only a few species (Terbish et al. 2006; Munkhbayar expected to occur in the country (Bayartogtokh, The eastern part of Mongolia lies in
studies on some subspecies of mammals have et al. 2010). The geographic distribution of 2011; Bayartogtokh et al. 2016). the Amur river basin. Here Mongolia borders
been conducted. According to recent studies, amphibians is more widespread in northern the Russia to the north and China to the east
57 subspecies of 30 mammal species were Mongolia, where there are more lakes, Characteristics of the Amur River basin and south-east. However, only the Onon River
identified. For last 100 years, 6 subspecies of rivers, and ponds. Reptiles are mainly found The northeastern region of Mongolia with a watershed of 30,000 km2 drains into
mammals, belonging to 3 species and 1 genus in arid regions, particularly in the Gobi contains several tributaries of the Amur River the Amur system annually, while the more
were vanished from the Mongolian fauna, Desert. However, due to climate change (Heilongjiang in China), which is the 10th southerly Kherlen and Khalkh rivers only
caused by direct and indirect human activities and anthropogenic impacts, the distribution longest, and one of the largest free flowing drain into the Amur basin in wet years via
(Batsaikhan et al. 2014). of some amphibian and reptile species has rivers in the world, which has approximately Dalai Lake. Mongolian Provinces in the Amur-
Mongolia has an incredible number declined (Terbish 2006). The population of 4,444 km in length. At approximately two Basin include Khentii, Dornod and Sukhbaatar
of native bird species occupying its diverse Siberian salamander in the Tuul River basin million square kilometers, it also has the provinces (aimags).
ecosystems. Among the 502 bird species near Ulaanbaatar has declined, and Mongolian eleventh largest watershed. The Amur flows The Mongolian part of the Amur river
found in Mongolia 81 of them are resident toad has not been recorded in recent years. in a northeast direction to its estuary in the basin is surrounded by Khentii Mountain
birds and 391 are migratory birds; 254 species Mongolia has 79 species of fishes Tatar Strait of the Sea of Okhotsk (Bogutskaya Range to the west, small hills along the
of migratory birds breed in Mongolia, 10 belonging to 46 genera and 14 families et al. 2008). The Amur river basin covers 1.86 west side of the Kherlen River to the south,
species are winter visitors from Siberia, 8 reported in three main watersheds. There are million km2 and drains parts of Mongolia, and the Dariganga basalt plateau and the
species are summer visitors, and 64 species 29 species in Arctic Ocean Drainage Basin, 43 Russia, and China before discharging into the Great Khyangan mountains to the east. The
are vagrants. Four main global migratory species in the Pacific Drainage, and 10 in the Pacific Ocean. It flows through these countries highest point in the Mongolian basin is Asralt
routes have been recognized in Mongolia: Central Asian Inland Basin. According to the from its origin at two sources. The northern Khairkhan Peak of the Khentii Mountain Range
East Asia-Australasia flyway; Central Asia book on the ‘Fishes of the Mongolian People’s source is the Shilka River in Russia and its at 2,452 m a.s.l., and the lowest point is the
flyway; West Pacific flyway; and Africa- Republic’ (Shatunovsky 1983) a total of 59 fish tributary the Onon River that drains the Khentii Höh Lake depression at 560 m a.s.l. in the Ulz
Eurasia flyway (Gombobaatar et al. 2011). A species have been recorded, later 74 species Mountains in Mongolia. The southern source River basin. The basin land surface is located in
total of 476 species occurring in Mongolia were reported by Baasanjav and Tsend-Ayush is the Argun River, which drains the western tectonic depressions dominated by plains and
were assessed by national and international (2018), and 76 fish species were listed in the slope of the Great Khyangan Mountains in flat land between the Khentii Mountains and
experts using the Regional Red List criteria. biodiversity assessment and conservation plan China (Jia et al. 2020). the Great Khyangan Mountains. The area of
The main bird habitats in Mongolia comprised in 2002 (Kottelat 2006; Dgebuadze et al. 2012; Western and southwestern reaches plains is also large, and extensive hilly steppe
grassland steppe, semi-desert and desert, Mendsaikhan 2017). of the Amur river basin in China and Mongolia plateau occupies the south-western part of
mountain steppe, high mountains, forested Currently, the insect fauna of Mongolia have numerous endorheic rivers, rivers that the basin in Mongolia, Russia, and China (Inner
mountains, wetlands, and riparian areas. consists of more than 12,000 species belonging drain into closed inland wetlands or lakes, Mongolia).
Characteristic of birds in grassland steppe to 24 orders. The majority of the fauna is rather than into the main river system. Other The largest river of the Amur basin in
include Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius), composed by such orders, as Coleoptera, partly endorheic basins drain into the Amur only Mongolia is Kherlen River (Kerulen or Herlen),
Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Saker Falcon Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and in wet years and some have stopped flowing and is often considered part of the Argun
(Falco cherrug), Mongolian Lark (Melanicorypha Hemiptera, which comprise more than 60% of entirely due to human water consumption. River watershed. The total length of the
mongolica), Crested Lark (Galerida cristata), total species in the country. Many of the insect For these reasons, authors estimate the total Kherlen is 1,264 km and its watershed area is
Eurasian Skylark (Alauda arvensis), Demoiselle group exploration from this country has been watershed area differently. The most common approximately 80,000 km2. The river originates
Crane (Anthropoides virgo ), Mongolian involved partnering with the entomologists and estimates of basin area are 1.86 million km2 from the confluence of the Bogd and Tsagaan
Plover (Charadrius mongolus), Great Bustard colleagues from international communities e.g., in official Russian sources (Surface water rivers at an elevation of 1,750 m a.s.l. in the

8 9