Page 5 - 몽골 어류도감 편집본

Freshwater Organisms in Pixels Fish of the Amur River Introduction

Fig. 3. Phytogeographical subregions in Mongolia (for subregions’ numbers refer to above text). 28 species in the Middle Khalkh steppe region, surface area of 13,630 km2. Wetland habitats
25 species in Mongol-Altai mountain-steppe, are extremely diverse, ranging from cold,
24 species in Depression of Great Lakes deep ultra-oligotrophic lakes to temporary
desert-steppe regions, and 20 species in the saline lakes, and there are many large rivers
Eastern Gobi semi-desert region. The species possessing extensive flood plains. Only the
richness of ants in other phytogeographical southern deserts and the semi-deserts in
regions varied between 3 and 18. Regarding the southeast of the country lack permanent
the geographical distribution of ant species waters (Myagmarjav and Davaa, 1999;
in various phytogeographical regions of Tserensodnom, 2000).
Mongolia, there is a mismatch between the The wetlands in Mongolia may be
regions’ extent and the respective number of divided into the following categories, namely:
ant species. The highest number of species rivers, lakes, freshwater marshes, deep
(39 of a total 71 spp.) was recorded in Khentii water swamps and salty water marshes.
mountain-taiga region, though the total area There are over 5,500 rivers and streams,
of this region is only 3.05% of the territory over 3,000 lakes, 600 ponds, 9,600 springs,
of Mongolia. Thirty-eight species were found and hundreds of swamps and marshes in
from the Mongolian Dauria forest-steppe Mongolia. The total surface water resource
region that covers only 6.62% of the country. of Mongolia is estimated as 599 km3/year,
Thirty species were recorded in Khangai and is composed mainly from water stored
forest-steppe region, which comprises 17.59% in lakes (500 km3/year or 83.5%), glaciers
subregions are mountain taiga forests characterized by a high degree of endemism, of the entire area of the country. Generally, the (62.9 km3/year or 10.5%) as well as only
(1. Hövsgöl, 2. Khentii), three are forest- especially among invertebrates, mammals, species richness of local ant communities is 5.8% of its, i.e., 34.6 km3/year, are in rivers
steppes (3. Khangai, 4. Mongolian Dauria, and reptiles. primarily influenced by climatic conditions (e.g., (Davaa et al. 2007, 2015). The amount of water
5. Great Khyangan), four are steppes (6. The comprehensive zoogeographical temperature regimes, precipitation), landform, resources in the renewable ground water has
Hovd, 7. Mongolian Altai, 8. Middle Khalkh, 9. zoning of Mongolia by the Russian nest sites, microhabitat patterns (e.g., been estimated as 10.8 km3/year (Jadambaa
Eastern Mongolia), four are semi-deserts (10. mammologist Bannikov (1954), which was vegetation cover, soil type, moisture, texture), 2002). Mongolian rivers originate in the high
Depression of Great Lakes, 11. Valley of Lakes, based on his research of the mammalian and food resource availability (Bayartogtokh mountain ranges of Central Asia, and the
12. Eastern Gobi, 13. Gobi Altai), and three are fauna throughout the country. He divided the et al. 2014). In Mongolia, however, due to the country has approximately 5,500 rivers and
desert subregions (14. Dzungarian Gobi, 15. territory of Mongolia into 10 zoogeographical high habitat heterogeneity, species diversity of streams with the total length of 67,000 km and
Trans-Altai Gobi, 16. Alashan Gobi). sections and subregions, which were included ants in various phytogeographical regions may average channel density of 0.05 km/km2, and
These phytogeographical regions are into Mongol-Tibetan (Gobi and forest steppe differ as a consequence of small microclimatic 3060 natural lakes (83.7% of the total lakes
strongly differ in the number of recorded subregions) and taiga regions. The advantage factors that can determine whether a species are small lakes with A <1.0 km2) with surface
vascular plant species. The mountainous areas of the Bannikov’s regionalization is more is present or absent within a location (Pfeiffer area A >0.1 km2 (Davaa et al. 2007). The main
in the west (Mongol-Altai, Khovd) and the north related to the biogeographic characteristics et al. 2003); thus small-scale patterns of sources of the rivers are rainfall, groundwater,
(Khangai, Mongol Daguur, Khentii, Hövsgöl) of the country and is being used as the main habitat distribution are important for ant life in snow and glaciers; during the winter period
show the highest richness of vascular plant source of faunal zonation in Mongolia. Mongolia, especially in arid regions. (from November) the rivers and lakes are
species with a range of 1078 to 1636 species T here is a f e w research on frozen up to the bottom, and from the end of
per region. The lowest species diversities are biogeography of invertebrates. For Hydrological characteristics of April are melted, whereas the lakes never dry
found in the dry phytogeographical regions, instance, the diversity of ants in the 16 Mongolia up; however, the valley of the lakes become
such as Alashan Gobi, Trans-Altai Gobi, Valley phytogeographical regions ranged from 3 to Although it receives little amount quite shallow in very dry areas (Tugjamba
of Lakes, and Depression of Great Lakes with 39 species with a mean of 19. Each of these of rainfall, Mongolia is rather rich in water 2021).
a range of 272–481 species per region (Hilbig regions had a peculiar composition of ants, but resources, mainly because of the high Mongolia can be conveniently divided
1995; Gubanov 1996). there were several species dominating in most mountain ranges, which attract ample into three different drainage basins, as Central
The vast territory of Mongolia is regions. Thirty-nine species were found in the precipitation and contain huge amount of Asian Inland Drainage Basin, Arctic Ocean
characterized by a wide variety of wildlife Khentii mountain-taiga region, 38 species in glacier, snow and permafrost. There are Drainage Basin and the Pacific Ocean Drainage
populations. The fauna of steppes, semi- the Mongolian Dauria forest-steppe region, 30 approximately 1.5 million ha of standing water Basin. More than 70% of the wetlands lie
deserts, and mountains of Mongolia is species in the Khangai forest-steppe region, bodies, and 50,000 km of rivers with the total in the first enclosed basin (Tsegmid 1969;

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