Page 6 - 몽골 어류도감 편집본

Freshwater Organisms in Pixels Fish of the Amur River Introduction

Dulmaa 1979). the Khangai Plateau. This is a system of lakes The lakes range from mesotrophic the Great Lakes, particularly Uvs and Khyargas
Central Asian Inland Drainage Basin. in the extreme west of the Mts. Khangai with through to ultra- oligotrophic, and have a fish lakes with their extensive marshes.
There are four main groups of lakes in this no outflow or flowing only intermittently to fauna dominated either by cyprinids typical
basin, which mainly fed by rivers and streams the Valley of the Great Lakes. They are mostly for northern Eurasia or by coregonids and Biodiversity in Mongolia
rising in the west and southwest of Khangai saline, oligotrophic lakes at an altitude of salmonids. The origins of the lakes are diverse. Mongolia’s fauna includes 750 species
Mountains as well as in the east of Mongol- between 1,500 and 2,000 m a.s.l. The largest Some have been formed as a result of volcanic of vertebrates and more than 13,000 species
Altai Mountains. Many of those large and are Sangiin Dalai, Telmen and Khunguin Khar activity, while others have arisen from the of insects and other invertebrates. Also,
temporary small lakes are saline. Nuur. dislocation of rivers, glacial activity or tectonic more than 3120 species of vascular plants,
The first group is Altai mountain lakes, Individual lakes can vary greatly in size, movements, as in the case of Hövsgöl, which 574 species of mushrooms, 1056 species
and they are all freshwater, mostly high altitude being largest in spring due to the inflow of has much in common with Lake Baikal. The of lichens, 2003 species of algae, and 580
(above 2,000 m a.s.l.) and oligotrophic lakes. snow melt water from the Altai and Khangai major lakes in this region are Hövsgöl, Terkhiin species of mushrooms have been found in
Their outlet streams connect with other lakes mountains. They generally shrink during the Tsagaan and Ögii Nuur. The main rivers are the Mongolia. With the involvement of the World
lower in the basin. The major lakes are Achit, summer, leaving behind isolated saline pools Selenge, Orkhon, Chuluut, Tamir, Eg, Hanui Bank, Zoological Society of London, Dutch
Tolbo, Hoton, Hurgan and Dayan. In addition, and salt pans. The inflows of the rivers form and Tuul. Government, and the National University of
there are many smaller high-altitude lakes, braided channels with extensive freshwater Pacific Ocean Drainage Basin. This Mongolia, the volumes of Mongolian Red Lists
presumably cirque and moraine dammed marshes. Thus a wide range of wetland basin is characterized by major rivers and of Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles, Birds,
lakes, in this area. habitats can occur in and around the lakes, their associated marshes. The rivers such Mammals, and Plants were completed, and
The second group is in the Valley of the including fresh or saline open water areas, as Kherlen, Onon, Khurkh, rising in the Mts. Mongolia is now among the few nations that
Great Lakes. A series of large lakes occupies saline marshes, salt pans, freshwater marshes, Hentii and steppe river Ulz all flow to the east, have up-to-date conservation assessments for
a wide semi-arid depression between the rivers and streams. and drain into the Amur River, whilst the river all vertebrates and vascular plants (Clark et al.,
Mts. Mongol-Altai and Khangai. The lakes Many large rivers flow through the Khalkh Gol drains northwards into the large 2005; Ocock et al. 2005; Terbish et al. 2006;
are fed by large rivers, rising in the Mongol- semi-arid zone feeding these lakes, the largest oligotrophic lake Buir. Two other large lakes in Gombobaatar & Monks 2011; Nyambayar et al.
Altai and Khangai, and forming broad deltas being the Khovd river, rising in Mts. Mongol- this region are Yahi and Höh Nuur, and both of 2011; Urgamal et al. 2019).
at their mouths. Some are freshwater lakes Altai, the other is Zavkhan river, rising in Mts. them have the fish fauna characteristic of the Wetlands in Mongolian are rich
with outlets into other water basins, whilst Khangai. Chinese lowlands. with biological diversity starting from
others are saline without outlet. The main The fish fauna of the rivers and lakes The fish fauna of Mongolian rivers microorganisms to large mammals like the
lakes are Khyargas, Airag, Khar-Us, Khar and is particularly interesting. It is considered a and lakes is particularly interesting, since it moose or tree species. There are over 200
Dörgön (Durgun). The Mongolia’s largest saline relict and impoverished fauna left over from covers three distinct geographical divisions: species of aquatic plants, which comprise
lake, Uvs Lake is included here although it is the vast lake that once covered the entire area. the unique Mongolian Central Asian fauna, the about 6.6% of total flora of Mongolia. Wetlands
isolated from the other lakes to the north by The cyprinid genus Oreoleuciscus is endemic Chinese lowland fauna and the north Eurasian are habitat for many animals including fish,
a ridge extending northwest from the Mts. to these lakes and their rivers. A salmonid fauna. Within this latter division, there are two amphibians, some reptiles, birds, mammals as
Khangai. species, Thymallus brevirostris is also endemic distinct types, the salmonids and coregonids well as enormous number of insect and other
The third group is composed of lakes to these lakes. These fishes, together with a typical of ultra- oligotrophic waters, and the invertebrate species. Wetland preserves food
in the Gobi Valley. A few large and number of spotted stone loach, Noemacheilus strauchi cyprinids typical of more eutrophic waters sources for animals and becomes shelter for
small saline lakes lie at the foot of the Mts. are the only fishes occurring in these lakes and (Baasanjav et al. 1983). many species, and it is habitat for many rare
Gobi-Altai in the broad depression between rivers (Baasanjav et al. 1983, 1985). The lakes, rivers, streams and their and endangered species of wildlife. This is
the Mts. Khangai and the former mountains. Arctic Ocean Drainage Basin. Due to associated marshes provide important also important habitat for migrating species.
They are shallow, vary considerably in size both the greater precipitation in the northern part breeding areas for a wide variety of waterfowl, Results of different research, works and
seasonally and from year to year, and even of Mongolia, there is a strongly developed and are important staging areas for large investigations by researchers and scientists
some may dry out completely in certain years. hydrographic network in this basin than numbers of wildfowl and shorebirds migrating identified that over 70 species of fishes and
They all receive their inflow from rivers, which elsewhere in the country, as with many large between breeding grounds in Siberia and 170 species of birds inhabit the wetlands
rise in the Mts. Khangai, but no permanent lakes and major rivers. Water collects off the wintering areas in southern Asia. However, due in Mongolia. In addition, some rare or
inflow comes from the Mts. Gobi-Altai. The northern slopes of the Mts. Khangai and the to the severity of the winter, Mongolia is not endangered wildlife species including Castor
principal lakes are the Böön Tsagaan (Buun western slopes of the Mts. Khentii, and almost important for wintering waterfowl, although fiber birulai, Lutra lutra, Martes zibellina, Alces
Tsagaan), Adgiin Tsagaan, Taatsyn Tsagaan, all large rivers and small streams drain into small numbers of ducks may overwinter alces pfizenmayeri, Alces alces cameloides
Orog and Ulaan Nuur. Lake Baikal in Russia via Selenge, the largest on some unfrozen rivers. One of the most are found almost exclusively in the wetlands
The fourth group composes of lakes of river in Mongolia. important regions for waterfowl is the Valley of (Clark et al., 2005; Ocock et al., 2005;

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